Simplified Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm for optimization

Abstract This work proposes a population evolution algorithm to deal with optimization problems based on the characteristics of Phasmatodea (stick insect) population, called (PPE). The PPE imitates convergent evolution, path dependence, growth and competition in stick insect nature. tends be nearest dominant process, favorable trend is more likely inherited by next generation. combines models achieve above process. implemented has been tested analyzed 30 benchmark functions, it better performance than similar algorithms. uses several engineering test obtains good results.